Central nervous system infection by Listeria monocytogenes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: analysis of 26 cases, including the report of a new case.

INTRODUCTION Infections in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus cause significant morbidity. Infection due to Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is considered an opportunistic disease, and has been published on rare occasions in patients with SLE. OBJECTIVE To review the presentation of listeria infections in the central nervous system (CNS) in SLE patients. METHODOLOGY We conducted a literature review, selecting cases with central nervous system infection and confirmation of LM infection through culture. RESULTS Twenty six cases are described. The most common presentation was meningitis, with meningoencephalitis and brain abscesses being less frequent. The predisposing factors are: use of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, renal replacement therapy and the activity flares. CONCLUSION CNS infection by listeria is rare and sometimes fatal. The atypical presentation may lead to a delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment. L. monocytogenes should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with SLE with neurological manifestations.